Accessible guides to climate science and policy.
Climate policy is often built on two complementary pillars: mitigation, which tackles the causes of climate change, and adaptation, which helps societies live with its effects. Pakistan needs both, though the balance differs from wealthier nations.
In Pakistan's northern mountains, thousands of glacial lakes have formed as glaciers retreat. Some carry the risk of sudden, catastrophic collapse, a hazard known as a glacial lake outburst flood, or GLOF.
Flash floods are among the deadliest weather hazards in Pakistan, striking with almost no warning. From mountain hill torrents to flooded city underpasses, understanding how they form can help save lives.
During Pakistan's humid summers, the temperature shown on a thermometer can be misleading. The heat index explains why a coastal city can feel far more dangerous than a hotter but drier inland district.
Heatwaves are becoming more frequent and more severe across Pakistan, yet many people still think of them simply as very hot days. Understanding how heatwaves are defined and why nights matter as much as days can help save lives.
Climate change describes long-term shifts in global temperature and weather patterns driven mainly by human greenhouse gas emissions. For Pakistan, a country contributing little to global emissions but facing severe impacts, understanding the basics is essential.
People often confuse a single hot or cold day with proof about climate change. Understanding the difference between weather and climate helps readers judge risk correctly, from daily planning to national policy.
Pakistan’s weather authorities have warned of an increased risk of glacial lake outburst floods, flash flooding and landslides in northern regions as unusually high temperatures accelerate snow and glacier melt.
A new digital platform called Climate Sangat has been launched in Islamabad to improve access to reliable climate information, reporting tools, community initiatives and educational resources in Pakistan.
